Box plot example with an outlier
A box plot of 20 values with Tukey’s 1.5 × IQR whiskers, fences and one outlier labeled.
Open educational resources
Research training resources for educators
Free diagrams and example collections for teaching research methods. Our own material is licensed CC BY 4.0: you may copy, adapt and share it for any purpose, with credit.
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- Title
- Box plot with interquartile range and outliers
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- Derek Jansen, Grad Coach
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- https://gradcoach.com/open-educational-resources/box-plot-example/
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- CC BY 4.0
"Box plot with interquartile range and outliers" by Derek Jansen, Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/open-educational-resources/box-plot-example/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Diagrams
Box and whisker plot example, minimum to maximum
The same 20 values with whiskers from the minimum to the maximum, so no point is flagged.
Mean, median and mode in skewed and symmetric distributions
Where the mean, median and mode fall under negative skew, symmetry and positive skew.
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"Mean, median and mode in skewed and symmetric distributions" by Derek Jansen, Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/open-educational-resources/mean-median-mode-skewed-distribution-diagram/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Symmetric histogram example (unimodal)
One central peak and matching tails: expected normal counts for 1,000 observations.
Right-skewed histogram example
Positive skew: the peak sits low and a long tail runs out to the right.
Left-skewed histogram example
Negative skew: most of the data sits high, with a long tail to the left.
Bimodal histogram example
Two separate peaks from a mixture of two normal distributions, 40% and 60%.
Multimodal histogram example
Three peaks from a three-part mixture, with the middle group the largest.
Uniform histogram example
Symmetric with no peak: ten bins of exactly 100 each.
Likert scale chart example (diverging stacked bars)
Five survey items as diverging stacked bars, centered on neutral and sorted by agreement.
Levels of measurement diagram
Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio: each level keeps the properties before it and adds one.
ROC space diagram with four example classifiers
Four classifiers in ROC space, from better than chance to worse, with C reversed to C'.
Simple random sampling example
8 units drawn at random from a numbered population of 120.
Systematic sampling example
A random start at 11, then every 15th unit: 8 from a numbered population of 120.
Convenience sampling example
The 8 units nearest the researcher are taken; the rest of the population has no chance.
Snowball sampling example
Two seeds refer acquaintances over three waves, reaching 22 people through their ties.
Quota sampling example
Quotas of 4 and 6 keep the population’s 2 : 3 split, filled without random selection.
Purposive sampling example
The researcher selects 8 of the 14 units that have the characteristic the study needs.
CONSORT 2010 flow diagram template
The four stages of a two-group randomized trial, enrollment to analysis, with blank counts.
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"CONSORT 2010 flow diagram for a two-group parallel randomized trial" by Derek Jansen, Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/open-educational-resources/consort-flow-diagram-template/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Theory of planned behavior diagram
Ajzen’s model: three antecedents shape intention, and intention leads to behavior.
Theory of planned behavior with beliefs
The fuller model: behavioral, normative and control beliefs feed the three antecedents.
Kolb’s experiential learning cycle diagram
The four stages of Kolb’s cycle, each with one worked example: learning to ride a bike.
Kolb’s learning cycle and learning styles
Kolb’s cycle with its two axes and the four learning styles that sit between the stages.
Bloom’s taxonomy affective domain diagram
Five levels from receiving to characterizing, ordered by how deeply a value is held.
Example collections (PDF)
PDF collections of research topics, research questions and dissertation examples, organized by field, each with its own web page. Our text is CC BY 4.0; the research questions and thesis titles quoted in them belong to their authors.
Research topics
Topic ideas by field, each written as a researchable question and linked to a completed dissertation.
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"Journalism Research Topics" by Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/research-topics-journalism/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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"Neuroscience Research Topics" by Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/research-topics-neuroscience/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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"Nursing Research Topics" by Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/research-topics-nursing/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Research question examples
Research questions quoted word for word from completed dissertations, each linked to the thesis that asked it.
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"Education Research Question Examples" by Grad Coach (https://gradcoach.com/research-question-examples/education/) is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Dissertation examples
Annotated lists of openly licensed dissertations by field and by level, with a note on what each does well.
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Creative Commons licensed dissertations
Complete dissertations and theses, shared by their authors under Creative Commons licenses and hosted here unchanged. They are not our work: each keeps its author’s license, shown beside it. The CC BY ones may be adapted; the ND and NC-ND ones may be shared but not adapted.
Each one is listed with a summary and notes in our dissertation examples collection.
Business & management6
- Essays on the Basel III Leverage Ratio: Leverage Procyclicality, Bank Risk, and Liquidity Creation in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Factors Influencing E-Commerce Consumer's Adoption Intention Towards Collection-And-Delivery Points (CDPs): The Case of Vietnam
- Board Gender Diversity and Its Impact on Financial Performance and Risk-Taking: A Study of Listed North American Companies
Ambrose G. Houphouet, 2024CC BY-NC-ND 4.0PDF
- Exploring the Dynamics of Corporate Governance Change: A Multi-Level Study of Processes and Mechanisms in Corporate Governance Reforms in Nigeria
- Detecting Earnings Management
- Promoting Digital Innovation and Transformation: Innovation Champions in the Digital Age
Computer science5
- Understanding and Mitigating Hallucination of Language Models in Software Engineering
- Systematic and Scalable Memory Safety Assurance for Embedded Software Systems
- Rethinking Software Supply Chains in the Age of Generative Systems: A Case Study of Use-Case-Oriented Regeneration
- Evaluating Traffic Reshaping Attacks Against Machine-Learning-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems
- Encoding IP Address as a Feature for Network Intrusion Detection
Data science & analytics5
- Beyond Fairness Metrics: Human Experiences and Differential Outcomes in AI-Mediated Work Settings
- Understanding and Intervening in Academic Decisions through Course Information Platforms
- Computational and Statistical Properties of Optimal Transport-Based Distances
- Theory and Practice of Large-scale Logistics: Offline Contextual Bandits and Decomposition Methods
- Leveraging Data for Inclusive and Equitable Education: A Multi-faceted Study of Educator Perceptions and Practices
Education5
- A Critical Ethnography of University Student Activism in Postcoup Honduras
- "There is wealth in the struggle": Unearthing and Embracing Community Knowledges Through Organizing Work in Appalachia
- Undergraduate Students' Perceptions of Culturally Responsive Teaching and Their Sense of Belonging and Academic Self-Efficacy in Higher Education
- Exploring Motivation for Learning Japanese as a Foreign Language
- Teacher Standards and Professionalism
Environmental science5
- Social Behavior and the Ecology of Infectious Disease
- Reframing Ecological Identity: Ecological Management Practices and Social-Ecological Systems Resilience in the Mid-Hills of Nepal
Jessie Hughes, 2024CC BY-ND 4.0PDF
- Environmental DNA for Assessing Species Richness, Genetic Diversity, and Species Abundance
- Nuts and Bolts: Spatial Statistical Model Development for Fisheries
- Advancing Regional Water Supply Portfolio Management and Cooperative Infrastructure Investment Pathways under Deep Uncertainty
Finance & accounting9
- Biodiversity Risk and Firm Valuation: Regional Heterogeneity and Value-Chain Exposure in Global Capital Markets
Madelein Wentzel, 2026CC BY-NC-ND 4.0PDF
- The Economic Returns of Decarbonizing the Global Power Sector
- The Effect of Financial Literacy on Firm Performance
Erwin Joseph, 2025CC BY-NC-ND 4.0PDF
- Essays on Financial inclusion, Extreme Weather Events and Development
Tarana Chauhan, 2024CC BY-ND 4.0PDF
- Three Essays on Sustainable Finance and Capital Markets
- An Exploration of the Economics of Cyber Law and Policy
- Which Financial Measures Can Be Leveraged To Help Close The Unfunded Liability Gap For State Pension Plans?
Selette M. Jemison, 2021CC BY-NC-ND 4.0PDF
- Essays on International Energy and Transportation Markets
- Financial Market Risk and Macroeconomic Stability Variables: Dynamic Interactions and Feedback Effects
Agnieszka M. Chomicz-Grabowska, 2019CC BY-NC-ND 4.0PDF
Marketing & advertising5
- A Pathway to Financial Stability in Retirement? Annuities and Consumers Preferences
- Phygital Design: Boosting Luxury Purchase Intention by Enhancing Consumer Perceptions of In-Store Usefulness and Playfulness
- Similar or Complementary: Brand Personality and Brand Alliance Success
- Essays on Advertising, Sodium Intake, and Soda Taxes
- A Pluralistic Approach to Consumer Morality
Nursing5
- Improving Health Care Proxy Procurement Rates for Hospitalized Adults - A Nurse Led Intervention
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Educational Training on Pain Management Techniques for Intrauterine Device Insertion
- The Lived Experience Of Nurses Witnessing End-Of-Life Dreams And Visions Of Dying Patients
Sherilyn L. Herron, 2025CC BY-ND 4.0PDF
- De-escalating Aggressive Behavior in Patients at a Psychiatric Hospital in Central Massachusetts: A Quality Improvement Project.
- The Mediterranean Diet & Heart Disease: Measuring Knowledge Through Provider Education
Alexa de Villier, 2025CC BY-ND 4.0PDF
Political science5
- Nations After Democracy: Politics of Storytelling in South Korea and Taiwan
- An Intersectional Approach to American Citizenship
- The Violence of Nostalgia: Conspiracy Theorism, White Nationalism, and Restoring American Exceptionalism
- The Price of Redistribution: Local Markets and Agriculture in South Africa's Land Reform Program
- Another Postcolonialism: Innovating Sovereignty from Below Through the Responsibility to Protect
Psychology6
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Further Validation of the Trent Measure of Vicarious Trauma
- The Influence of Cue Generation and Working Memory on Recall from Long-Term Memory
- Effect of Food Nostalgia on Memory Accuracy and Memory Confidence
- Anchoring Effects: Resolving the Contradictions of Personality Moderator Research
- Predictive Language Processing in Late Bilinguals: Evidence from Visual-World Eye-Tracking
- Word Segmentation in German-Learning Infants and German-Speaking Adults: Prosodic and Statistical Cues
Healthcare5
- Depressive Symptoms Over Time Among Latine Adolescents: Protective Role of Family
- Understanding Survival and Suffering: An Individual-Level Joint-Burden Approach for Measuring Health Loss Among Māori and non-Māori
- Minority Family Stress and Sexual Minority Future Family Formation Loss
- Depression Screening and Psychological Intervention in Pregnancy Care
- Understanding the Relationship Between Health Technology Reassessment and Knowledge Translation
Sociology6
- Demographics, operational resources, and grants: Exploring urban forest management program outcomes at the municipal level in New York State
J. Rebecca Hargrave, 2026CC BY-ND 4.0PDF
- Between Hegemony and Enlightenment: Unthinking the Global North-South Divide in Sociological Knowledge Production
- Property and Indigenous State Formation in the Honduran Moskitia
Fernando Galeana Rodriguez, 2021CC BY-ND 4.0PDF
- Beekeeping in the Anthropocene: Theorizing Conflicts over Honey Bee Health
- Refining the Telescope: Addressing Two Challenges to Sociological Research in Online Social Networks
- Re-examining pathways to smallholder food security and the transformative potential of agroecology: A case study from Malawi
Questions educators ask
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Yes. CC BY permits changes such as cropping, recoloring or combining a diagram with other material. In the SVG files the shapes and colors can be edited in any vector editor, but the labels are drawn as outlines rather than live text, so a label has to be replaced rather than retyped. If you change a diagram, say so in the credit, for example “adapted from …”.
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The diagrams, and our text in the PDFs, yes: CC BY 4.0 permits commercial use, including paid courses and workshops, with the same credit. Some of the dissertations carry a NonCommercial (NC) license, which does not permit this, so check the license beside each one.
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Cite it as a figure. Where a diagram has a Figshare DOI, use the DOI, which is permanent and resolves to the latest version. For example: Jansen, D. (2026). Box plot with interquartile range and outliers [Diagram]. Figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34685121. Where a diagram has no DOI yet, cite its page on this site.
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Are the dissertations licensed the same way?
No. They are not our work. Each was published by its author under a Creative Commons license and is hosted here unchanged under that license. Most are CC BY; some are CC BY-ND (may be shared, but not in an edited form) and some are CC BY-NC-ND (no edited versions and no commercial use). The badge beside each document names its license and links to its terms.