What it shows
The ADDIE model of instructional design: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation, in sequence. Dashed arrows return from evaluation to every earlier phase, because the phases are iterative and formative evaluation runs through every stage, with a summative review at the end.
One example runs through all five phases: an online research-methods module.
How to read it
Analysis: the students are part-time and new to research design.
Design sets objectives, a proposal assignment and weekly videos; development records the videos, builds quizzes and pilots week 1.
Implementation briefs the tutors, enrolls the cohort and runs the module.
Evaluation reviews results and feedback after the run, and its findings can send the team back to any earlier phase.
The five phases
- Analysis: clarify the problem, the goals and the learners.
- Design: plan objectives, assessments, content and media.
- Development: build the materials and pilot-test them.
- Implementation: prepare facilitators and learners.
- Evaluation: formative in every phase; summative at the end.
Ways to use it in teaching
In a course-design workshop, have participants map a course of their own onto the five phases.
Use the dashed revision arrows to discuss where a pilot or student feedback would change an earlier decision.
Molenda (2003) could find no single original source for ADDIE, which makes a good prompt for comparing published variants.
Sources
- ADDIE Model. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 19, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADDIE_Model
- Molenda, M. (2003). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 42(5), 34–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4930420508
